1539-1514 BC
 
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King Ah Mose the Great
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Queen Ahmose-Nofretari, Wife
of King Ah Mose |
The Son of King Tao II (Djehuty) (Sekenenre) 17th Dynasty
(reigned c. 1539-14 BC), founder of the 18th dynasty,
who completed his
brother Ka Mose's expulsion of the Hyksos (Asiatic rulers of
Egypt),
invaded Palestine, and re-exerted Egypt's hegemony over Nubia, to the
south.
King Tao II Sekenenre
father of King Ah Mose
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Queen Teti Sheri
Grand Mother of King
Ah Mose |
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Ahmose-Henttimehu sister of King Ah Mose |
Ahmose-Hentempet sister of King Ah
Mose |
King Ah Mose
Resuming the war of liberation against the Hyksos early in his reign, Ahmose
crushed the foreigners' allies in Middle Egypt and, advancing down the Nile
River, captured Memphis, the traditional capital of Egypt, near modern Cairo.
While his mother, Queen Ahhotep, ran the government in Thebes, near modern
Luxor, he undertook a waterborne operation against Avaris, the Hyksos capital,
in the eastern delta, followed by a land siege. When a rebellion flared in Upper
Egypt, he hastened upriver to quell the rising, while the queen mother
Ahhotep helped to contain it. Having put down the rising, he captured Avaris
and then pursued the enemy to Sharuhen, a Hyksos stronghold in Palestine, which
was reduced after a three-year siege.
Before advancing into Palestine, Ahmose, in three campaigns, advanced into
Nubia, whose ruler had been an ally of the Hyksos. The rich gold mines of the
south provided another incentive for Ahmose's expansion into Nubia.
After his borders were secure, Ahmose established an
administration loyal to him in Egypt and granted lands to distinguished veterans
of his campaigns and to members of the royal family. He reactivated the copper
mines at Sinai and resumed trade with the cities of the Syrian coast, as attested by inscriptions recording the use of cedar found in Syria and by the
rich jewelry from his reign. He restored neglected temples, erected chapels for
his family, and planned more ambitious works, but he died soon afterward,
leaving a prosperous and reunited Egypt.
Historic events
Egypt was Defeated at the end of the Second Intermediate
period by the superior Nomadic Semites forces from Canaan and Syria, who
used a new weapon, the Chariot and they were called the shepherd Kings.
North of Egypt was occupied and the Egyptian suffered Harsh
Slavery under the brutal barbaric nomads known as the Hyksos.
The Hyksos Worship the God Set (Satan) who was equivalent
to their God(s)
the god of Storms and wars
The Egyptians were enslaved by the Hyksos in the north and
were forced to build the New city for the Hyksos known as Avaris.
The rise of the Princes of Thebes to liberate Egypt, the
south of Egypt under their control.
Building and Reorganization of the Army, and the
advancing of new Weapons, including the Chariot, which he modified
Death of King/ Prince Seqenenra, who fell in battle, after
the start of the war of liberation.
The two great Brothers: Prince Ka Mose & Prince Ah Mose
pursue the War of Liberation and deliver Egypt from the Wicked Hyksos.
Two great Generals, Admiral Ah Mose Abana commander of the
new Fleet and Ah Mose Pen-Nekhbet
The Defeated Hyksos entrenched themselves into the city of
Avaris, besieged by the Egyptian army. Under a banner of truth, their expulsion
from Egypt was agreed by the victorious Theban army.
The Hyksos and their families began their sojourn through
the Wilderness of the Sinai Desert back to where they came from and lost the
fertile land of Egypt.
Egypt was delivered and liberated by Prince Ah Mose from
the wicked hands of the Pharaoh / Hyksos and his Allies of Middle and
northern Egypt.
Prince Ah Mose, Heir to the Egyptian thrown, was crowned
Pharaoh of Upper & Lower Egypt.
NB: King Ah Mose Mummy reveals that he was not circumcised,
The alleged Moses in the bible was also apparently not
circumcised, for circumcision was compulsory in the priest hood and mandatory
for the rest in Egypt.
King Ah Mose pursued the enemy to Sharuhen, a Hyksos
stronghold in Palestine, which was reduced after a three-year siege.
The conquest of Nubia & Kush and the western Nomadic
tribes know as the Libu.
The Conquest of Sinai and the push towards the Final
destruction of the Hyksos.
The preparation for the conquest of Canaan, Byblos, and the
Middle Eastern Regions that posed threat to Egypt.
Egypt becomes a major power and rises again as a world
force.
NB: The auto biography of Pharaoh Ah Mose was the Ego
Spirit behind the legend of the Exodus, which was changed by biblical writers
who borrowed the story of the Expulsion of the Shepherd Kings into the
Exodus
The Tempest Stela
References
King
Tao II (Djehuty) (Sekenenre)
King Ka Mose
The Quarrel of Apophis and Sekenenre
Ah Mose Memorial
The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose, Son of Abana
Biography of General Ahmose Pen-Nekhbet
Menatho
Josephus Flavuis
Royal Mummies XVII Dynasty
Royal Mummies XVIII Dynasty
At the time of his succession Ahmose was
only young and the Queen Mother, Ahotep ruled. Ahmose followed up the attack on
Avaris eleven years after the initial confrontation by his predecessor (Kamose).
Ahmose took his army north through Heliopolis to Tjaru (the fortress town of
Tell El - Aba). By doing this the Hyksos were unable to retreat to Palestine via
Sinai.
Some details of the war on Avaris that followed have
been discovered at the temple built by Ahmose at Abydos. The city of Avaris was
under siege for a considerable time after which the Hyksos surrendered and
agreed to a treaty which forced the exodus of all Hyksos from Egypt.
Following the capture of Avaris Ahmose led a further
campaign to Southern Palestine and then into Lebanon. Ahmose then took his army
south to Khent-Hen-Nefer (south of the second cataract) in order to destroy the
threat of the Nubian bowmen. He then regained control of Buhen. There were a
further two confrontations that Ahmose then had to deal with. The first was with
a small group of Nubians that went into Upper Egypt on a raid .This was not a
significant problem as the perpetrators did not even attack the army.
The other was led by Teti-An, an Egyptian. He had
gathered together a group of people who had previously served the Hyksos king to
attempt to overthrow King Ahmose. Ahmose`s army killed Teti-An and his
rebel supporters.
During the rest of his reign Ahmose had many temples and monuments erected at
Memphis, Karnak, Heliopolis, Abydos, Avaris and Buhen. Following the re-unification
of Egypt there was an increase in wealth and a development of skills by artists.
The style of art that had developed by the end of Ahmose`s reign set the
standard of artwork found in the remainder of the 18th Dynasty. There appears to
have been some contact with the peoples of the Aegean as, a palace built by
Ahmose in Avaris, was decorate with Minoan frescoes. Memphis was also the center
of further building work in the early 18th Dynasty. During Ahmose`s reign
temples were built in honor of the gods, Ptah, Amun, Montu and Osiris.
Two stele have been found in the third pylon of the Karnak temple. One stele
called the "Tempest Stele" states that Ahmose rebuilt tombs and pyramids in
Thebes that had been damaged "by a storm sent to Upper Egypt by the power of
Amun",whose statue had been left in a state of decay. It also states that the
land was covered with water, this may mean that the usual Nile flood had been
excessive. Ahmose supplied expensive goods in order to restore the area.
The second stele, the "Donation stele", tells of how Ahmose bought the
"Second Priesthood of Amun" for his wife, Ahmose-Nefertari. The king paid for
this from the wealth of his office, restoring him as the benefactor and linking
Amun with the royal line.
A further stele, found in the eighth pylon court of Karnak from year 18 of
Ahmose`s reign, stresses the power of the royal family and lists equipment
Ahmose had made and dedicated to the cult of the Karnak Temple. Items such as
gold offering tables, gold and silver libation vessels and drinking cups for the
statue of Amun, musical instruments, jewellery for the statues and a new wooden
processional boat for the temple`s statues were provided.
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